Russia. A History

redemption payments 207, 213, 215, 236, 259

reform 43, 61, 63, 76, 88, 91–3, 96, 100, 109, 126–7, 158, 161, 166, 168–73, 176–7, 179–90, 192, 194–7, 199–200, 209–20, 222–3, 225, 227–30, 233, 237, 240, 250, 254, 257–60, 262, 264, 278–80, 302, 310, 400, 405, 408–12, 415–16, 418, 420–2, 424, 427, 430, 432, 434–6, 442, 451, 461, 470, 479, 497, 507–8, 516, 541, 543, 545–9, 553–4, 558–9

Reformation 43, 45, 117, 119

refugees 272

rehabilitation 334, 359, 407, 415–18, 420, 552, 555

religion xi, 6, 117, 159, 161, 182, 191, 278, 306, 335, 337–8, 413, 446, 513;

see also Russian Orthodox Church

Renaissance 58, 101, 117–8, 489, 514

Repin, I. 223

Reporters without Borders, 505

Republic of Ishkeriia 556

Reserve Fund 455, 498, 562

Reval 86, 116

revolt 94, 150, 157, 184, 190, 227, 309, 358, 422, 509, 542–3, 545, 549; see also disorders; uprising

Revolution of 1905: 273, 548

revolutionary defencism 279–80, 282

Reykjavik Summit 457

Riazan 14, 28, 32, 36, 39, 41, 72, 284, 431, 540

Riga 86, 110, 116, 420

Rice, C. 516

Riga 86, 110, 116, 420

‘right deviation’ 316, 327, 550; see also Right Opposition

Right Opposition 314–5, 326, 344, 351, 550

Rittersporn, G. 367

Riurik 1, 3–4

Riurikid 4, 6–10, 14–17, 19, 24, 31–2, 64–6, 68, 539, 541

Riutin, M.N. 351

Robbins, R. 239

Rodchenko, A. 338

rodoslovnye knigi 50

Rokossovskii, K.I. 378

Roman Empire 59, 106, 112, 133

Romania 371, 376, 382, 393, 551

Romanov, F.N. 65, 70–7, 89, 542

Romanovs 49, 63

romanticism, 191, 193, 225

Rome 58–9, 93, 107, 118, 120, 133, 209, 269, 302, 345, 440, 507

Romodanovskii, F. 102

Roosevelt, F.D. 388–9

Rosenberg, W. 284, 289

Rosicrucians 165

rossiiskii xii

ROSTA 303

Rostislav Mstislavich 11–12

Rostov 14–15, 19–21, 32, 39, 46, 57, 248, 391, 440, 540, 546, 548

Rostov-Suzdal 5, 11

Rostovtsev, Ia.I. 546

Rowlandson, T. 136

Royal Society 107, 116

Rozanov, V.V. 265

RSFSR, 351, 395, 444

Rtishchev, F.M. 87

Rublev, A. 22

Rudder 51

Ruhr 313

‘Russia at the Turn of the

Millennium’ 493, 558

Russian Academy of Sciences see Academy of Sciences

Russian Ark 513

Russian Association of Proletarian

Writers 339, 356

Russian Federation xii, 411, 462, 464–5, 486, 495, 554, 560

Russian Orthodox Church xii-xiii, 6–9, 11–12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25–7, 32, 35, 37–40, 43–5, 52, 56–9, 61, 64–6, 68–9, 71, 78, 82, 85, 87–90, 92, 96, 98, 106, 119, 122–3, 136, 141, 156, 159–61, 165, 194, 210, 212, 214, 219–20, 223–4, 229, 278, 300, 328, 331, 333, 335–7, 350, 361, 388–9, 391, 413, 429, 513–14, 539, 541–2, 544, 546–7, 549, 551; see also clergy; monasteries

Russian Social Democratic Workers

Party (RSDWP) 242, 246, 253, 547

russification 132, 232, 448, 547

Russkaia Pravda 5, 51

Russo-Japanese War 249, 259, 548

Russo-Swedish War of 1741–3: 544

Russo-Turkish War of 1676–81: 542

Russo-Turkish War of 1736–9: 129, 544

Russo-Turkish War of 1768–74: 157, 544

Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92: 544

Russo-Turkish War of 1877–8: 230, 546

Ruthenia 402

Ruysch, F. 106

Rykov 314–5, 324, 362, 365, 550

Ryswick, Treaty of, 106

Sacred Book of the Werewolf 513

Sadaev, M. 561

St Basil’s Cathedral 57

St Cyril Monastery 35, 37

St Isaac’s Cathedral 133

St Petersburg 100, 109–111, 113, 115–16, 118–23, 126, 128–30, 133, 145, 147, 149, 151–3, 163–4, 169, 173, 182–3, 194, 196, 206, 219, 222, 226, 229–30, 232, 241–2, 245, 248, 250, 253, 255, 483, 490, 496, 502, 522, 543, 545–7, 561; see also Leningrad; Petrograd

St Petersburg Naval Academy 110, 543

St Petersburg University 182, 522, 545

Sajudis, 554

Sakharov, A.D. 447–8, 456, 553

SALT-I, 445, 553

SALT-II 445, 553

Saltykov 74

Samara 298

Samarin, Iu. 201, 223

samizdat 446–7

samobytnost’ 187, 200

samoderzhets 62

Samoedy 34

samotek 352

samovlastie 58

Sandomierz 67

Sapieha, J. 69

Sarai, 15, 17, 21, 23, 26, 28

Savigny, F.K. von 180

Saxony 106, 108, 115

Scandinavia 2–5, 539

Schmidt, G.F. 135

scholarship 46, 342–3, 408

schools, see education

Schütz, H. 87

Schwartz, J. 165

science 119–20, 225, 248, 330, 334, 336, 339, 357, 397, 403, 444

scientific revolution 117, 119

SCO see Shanghai Cooperation

Organization

Sea of Okhotsk 79

SD 249, 261, 269; see also Russian

Social Democratic Workers Party

Second All-Russian Congress of

Soviets 290, 292

Second Five-Year Plan 358, 550

Secret Chancellery 87

secret police 127, 183, 203, 391, 404, 410, 471, 490; see also KGB; NKVD;

Third Section

secretariat 310, 315

secularization of Church lands 141, 544

Security Council 469, 472, 485, 490, 502, 517, 556

Sejm 70–2, 75, 181

Selected Correspondence with Friends 192

Semen 19–20

Semen (Bekbulatovich) 541

Semipalatinsk 344, 438

Senate 71, 112, 130, 158, 1702, 176, 182, 185, 543

Serbia 129, 484

seredniak xxii, 302, 348

serf 94, 132, 137, 140–6, 148–9, 153–7, 166, 172–3, 181, 185, 188–91, 197–8, 202, 205–8, 210, 212, 218, 220, 235, 544–6

serfdom 81, 142, 146, 153, 155, 157, 164, 167, 170, 172, 182, 185, 188–9, 191–2, 197, 199–202, 204–5, 209, 216, 231, 236, 342, 546

Sermon on Law and Grace 8

Serpukhov 20–1, 78, 419

Sestroetsk 120