The Great Terror

42. A. T. Stuchenko, Zavidnaya nasha sudba (Moscow, 1964), p. 65.

43. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, p. 387.

44. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 88; and see Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, p. 25.

45. Antoni Ekart, Vanished Without a Trace (London, 1954), p. 283.

46. Ivan Stadniuk, “People Are Not Angels,” Neva, no. 12 (1962).

47. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 3 (March 1965).

48. Nicholas Prychodko, One of the Fifteen Million (Boston, 1952), p. 83.

49. Anton Antonov-Ovseenko, The Time of Stalin (New York, 1981), p. 164–66.

50. Tikhookeanskaya zvezda, 9 May 1937.

51. Sotsialistik Kazakhstan, 23 November 1937.

52. Kizil Uzbekistan, 11 November 1937.

53. Sovetskaya Kirghizia, 11 January 1938.

54. Kizil Uzbekistan, 17 January 1938.

55. Abudurakhman Avtorkhanov, The Reign of Stalin (London, 1953), pp. 140ff, and Narodoubistvo v SSSR (Munich, 1952), passim.

56. A. V. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life (New York, 1964), p. 108.

57. Harijs Heislers, “The Unfinished Story,” Zvaigzne, no. 23 (December 1956).

58. Bo1’ shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1949–58).

59. Victor Kravchenko, I Chose Justice (London, 1951), p. 175.

60. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 132.

61. Moscow News, no. 39 (1988).

62. Sovetskaya Byelorossiya, 12 October 1988.

63. Margarete [Buber] Neumann, Under Two Dictators (London, 1949), p. 10.

64. Novyy mir, no. 12 (1961).

65. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 192.

66. Ibid., pp. 192–94.

67. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life, p.113.

68. See, for example, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The First Circle

(London, 1968), pp. 155, 215–16.

69. R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs (London, 1965), p. 209.

70. For example, Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 32.

71. Eleanor Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps (London, 1951), p. 57.

72. Prostor, no. 1 (1989).

73. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 349.

74. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, p. 291.

75. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 89.

76. Roy Medvedev, Let History Judge, rev. ed. (New York, 1989), p. 503.

77. Radians’ka Ukraina, 26 October 1988.

78. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 66.

79. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 36.

80. Ibid., p. 39.

81. Ibid., p. 33.

82. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 212.

83. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 59.

84. Ibid., p. 65.

85. Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom, pp. 155–56.

86. Jozsef Lengyel, From Beginning to End (London, 1966), p. 15.

87. Gustaw Herling, A World Apart (London, 1951), p. 9.

88. Bukharin Trial, p. 256.

89. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 348.

90. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 38.

91. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 469.

92. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, pp. 74, 116.

93. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, chap. 41.

94. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 62; and see Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 314.

95. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, p. 185; and see Kravchenko, I Chose Freedom

, p. 253; Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 327.

96. See, for example, Elizabeth Lermolo, Face of a Victim (New York, 1955), pp. 163ff.

97. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 421.

98. Ibid., p. 432.

99. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 60.

100. See Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, pp. 60ff.

101. Lermolo, Face of a Victim, pp. 191–92.

102. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, p. 149.

103. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 65.

104. For example, Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 311.

105. Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps, p. 7.

106. A. V. Gorbatov, in Novyy mir, April 1964.

107. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 39.

108. Ibid., p. 57; and see Moscow News, no. 47 (1988).