The Great Terror

3. Conference of Historians, 1962, p. 69; Kommunist, no. 10 (1963).

4. Conference of Historians, 1962, p. 286.

5. Osteuropa, no. 8 (1958), p. 33.

6. Arvo Tuominen (former Secretary-General of the Finnish Communist Party), Kremls Klockor (Helsinki, 1958), p. 210 (quoted in Milorad M. Drachkovitch and Branko Lazitch, eds., The Comintern-Historical Highlights [New York, 19661, p. 161).

7. Margarete [Buber] Neumann, Under Two Dictators (London, 1949), p. 8.

8. Arthur Koestler, Arrow in the Blue (London, 1945), vol. 2, p. 209.

9. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 5.

10. Ibid., p. 23.

11. Ibid., p. 168.

12. Ibid., p. 143.

13. Herbert Wehner, Erinnerungen

(Bonn, 1957), p. 160.

14. Elisabeth K. Poretsky, Our Own People (London, 1969), p. 181.

15. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 171.

16. F. Beck and W. Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession (London, 1951), p. 108; Beiträge zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung 1 (1969).

17. A. Kuusinen, The Rings of Destiny (New York, 1974), pp. 156–57.

18. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 55.

19. Ibid., p. 53.

20. Eugenia Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind (New York, 1967), p. 118.

21. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 109.

22. Ibid.

23. R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs (London, 1965), p. 307.

24. Koestler, Arrow in the Blue, vol. 2, p. 407; Ruth Fischer, Stalin and German Communism

(London, 1948).

25. Gustaw Herling, A World Apart (London, 1951), p. 62.

26. Alexander Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence (London, 1952), pp. 487–89.

27. Moscow News, no. 48 (1988).

28. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 76.

29. Victor Serge, Memoirs of a Revolutionary, 1901–1941 (London, 1963), p. 187.

30. Arvo Tuominen, in Uusi Kavalehti, nos. 10–13 (22 June 1956), and The Bells of the Kremlin (London, 1983), pp. 221–23; Ogonek, no. 45 (1988).

31. Kun Béláné, Kun Bela (Budapest, 1966), pp. 489–90. (The date of his arrest is here given as the end of June, which conflicts with other accounts.)

32. Ciliga, Russian Enigma, p. 253.

33. Walter G. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service (London, 1939), p. 217.

34. Ibid., p. 219; Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 3 (1989).

35. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs

, p. 315.

36. Hungarian News Agency, 10 February 1989.

37. Small Polish Encyclopedia (Warsaw, 1958).

38. Kun Béláné, Kun Bela.

39. Eleanor Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps (London, 1951), p. 16.

40. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 315.

41. Renato Mieli, Togliatti 1937 (Milan, 1964); Guelfa Zaccaria, 200 Communiste Italiani tra le vittime dello Stalinismo (Milan, 1964).

42. Paoli Robotti, speech to the Central Committee of the Italian Communist Party, December 1961.

43. Ginzburg, Journey into the Whirlwind, pp. 169–70.

44. Tito, speech to the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist League, 19 April 1954 (Borba, 20 April 1969); speech to the IXth Party Congress, 11 March 1969; and see Kommunist (Belgrade), 3 April 1969.

45. Fitzroy Maclean, Disputed Barricade (London, 1957), pp. 103–4.

46. Tuominen, in Uusi Kavalehti

.

47. Kuusinen, Rings of Destiny, pp. 146, 158.

48. Ivan Karaivanov, Liudi i Pigmeji (Belgrade, 1953), p. 112.

49. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 308.

50. Victor Kravchenko, I Chose Justice (London, 1951), p. 279.

51. Zarya na Komunizma, 22 September-3 October 1988; and see Blagoy Popov, Ot Layptsigskiya protses v Sibirskie lageri (Paris, 1979), p. 23.

52. John D. Bell, The Bulgarian Communist Party from Blagoev to Zhivkov (Stanford, Calif., 1986), pp. 49–51.

53. Popov, Ot Layptsigskiya protses v Sibirskie lageri, p. 12.

54. Jerzy Morawski (Secretary of the Polish Central Committee), speech of 27 March 1956; and see Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 12 (1988).

55. Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN (Warsaw, 1962–70).

56. Wehner, Erinnerungen, pp. 141–42.

57. Neumann, Under Two Dictators, p. 6.

58. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 12, 1988.

59. Ibid.