The Great Terror

96. F. Beck and W. Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession (London, 1951), p. 146.

97. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, p. 12; Visti, 29–31 December 1938.

98. Weissberg, Conspiracy of Silence, pp. 411–12.

99. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

100. Ibid.

101. Ibid.

102. Oktyabr’, no. 12 (1988).

103. Sovetskaya molodezh, 13 February 1988.

104. Medvedev, Let History Judge, p. 295.

105. Kuusinen, Rings of Destiny, p. 139.

106. SSSR: Vnutrenie protivorechiya, no. 3 (1982).

107. Kommunist Kazakhstana, no. 8 (1938).

108. Izvestiya, 27 November 1988; Sovetskaya Byelorossiya, 22 January 1989.

109. See Conquest, Inside Stalin’s Secret Police

, p. 70.

110. Izvestiya, 12 November 1988.

111. Stanislav Vinkentiyovich Kossior, p. 174; Pravda, 3 April 1964.

112. Lipper, Eleven Years in Soviet Prison Camps, p. 16.

113. Peter Yakir, “Letter to the Editor of Kommunist,” 2 March 1969, translated in Survey, nos. 70–71 (1969).

114. Kuusinen, Rings of Destiny, p. 139.

115. Pravda, 3 April 1964.

116. Sovetskaya molodezh, 18 February 1988; Ogonek, no. 7 (1988).

117. F. Bega and V. Aleksandrov, Petrovskiy (Moscow, 1963), p. 315.

118. Izvestiya, 15 September 1966; L. P. Petrovsky, “Letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU,” in For Human Rights (Frankfurt, 1969).

119. Voprosy istorii KPSS, no. 2 (1963).

120. Ukrains’ka Radians’ka Entsyklopediya (Kiev, 1959–65).

121. Bega and Aleksandrov, Petrovskiy

, p. 304.

122. L. Davydov, comp., U istokov partii (Moscow, 1963).

123. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 132.

124. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs, p. 316.

125. Bega and Aleksandrov, Petrovskiy, pp. 304–5.

126. Ibid., pp. 305–6.

127. Compiled by Professor Tibor Szamuely.

128. Medvedev, Let History Judge, p. 295.

129. Pravda, 6 May 1953.

130. Izvestiya, 4 September 1918.

131. Conference of Historians, 1962, p. 260.

132. Jerzy Walenczyk, “Meditations,” Po Prostu, 23 December 1956.

133. Conference of Historians, 1962, p. 260.

134. Antonov-Ovseenko, Time of Stalin, p. 140.

135. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

136. Roy Medvedev, Fau-il rehabiliter Staline? (Paris, 1969), p. 42; Izvestiya TsK KPSS

, no. 12 (1989).

137. J. Stalin, Problems of Leninism (Moscow, 1947), p. 625.

138. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

139. Boris Nicolaevsky, Notes to The Crimes of the Stalin Era (New York, 1956).

140. Pravda, 3 April 1964.

141. Sovetskaya istoricheskaya entsyklopediya; and see I. A. Kozlov et al., Severny for (Moscow, 1966); Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal, no. 7 (1965).

142. Sovetskaya kul’tura, 26 November 1988; Izvestiya TsK KPSS, nos. 1 and 3 (1989); Nedelya, no. 27 (1989); Pravda Ukrainy, 6 May 1989.

143. Brzezinski, Permanent Purge, p. 229.

Chapter 15: Heritage of Terror

1. Ilya Ehrenburg, Men, Years, Life (New York, 1961), vol. 4, p. 196.

2. R. V. Ivanov-Razumnik, Memoirs (London, 1965), pp. 304–7.

3. F. Beck and W. Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession

(London, 1951), pp. 182–83.

4. Ibid., pp. 93, 203.

5. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. James Murphy (London, 1939), p. 171.

6. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession, p. 194.

7. George Lukács, in Nuovi Argomenti, October 1962.

8. See Boris Souvarine, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 661.

9. Zhores A. Medvedev, The Rise and Fall of T. D. Lysenko (New York, 1961), p. 267.

10. Commission pour la Vérité sur les Crimes de Staline, Bullétin d’ information, no. 3 (January 1964).

11. Ibid.

12. See Robert Conquest, The Nation Killers (London, 1970).

13. Ogonek, no. 28 (1987).

14. Ogonek, no. 25 (1989); Politicheskoe obrazovanie, no. 5 (1989); Kommunist vooruzhenykh sil, no. 12 (1989).

15. Nikita Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

16. Izvestiya TsK KPSS, no. 4 (1989).

17. Znamya, May 1964.

18. V. A. Anfilov, Nachalo velikoy otechestvennoy voiny (Moscow, 1962), p. 28.