The Great Terror

19. A. V. Gorbatov, Years Off My Life (New York, 1964), p. 134.

20. Yu. P. Petrov, Partiynoe stroitel’ stov v Sovetskoy armii i flote (1918–1961) Moscow, 1964), p. 304.

21. Khrushchev, Secret Speech.

22. Ibid.

23. Mekhlis, speech to the XVIIIth Party Congress (XVIII s“ed, 10–12 marta 1939 g. Stenograficheskiy otchet [Moscow, 1939], p. 276).

24. John Erickson, The Soviet High Command (London, 1962), p. 583.

25. Ibid.

26. Ibid., p. 552.

27. See Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (Washington, D.C., 1946), vol. 6, p. 981.

28. See Erickson, Soviet High Command, p. 566.

29. Petrov, Partiynoe stroitel’ stvo v Sovetskoy armii i flote, p. 332.

30. Erickson, Soviet High Command, p. 583.

31. Ibid., p. 578.

32. Ehrenburg, Men, Years, Life, vol. 4, p. 256.

33. Ilya Ehrenburg, in Novyy mir, no. 4 (1964).

34. Voprosy istorii, no. 9 (1988).

35. Nauka i zhizn’, no. 2 (1989).

36. Ibid.

37. Voprosy istorii, no. 8 (1988).

38. See Erickson, Soviet High Command, chap. 17.

39. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin (London, 1949), p. 486.

40. Ogonek, no. 25 (1989).

41. Konstantin Simonov, in Znamya, May 1964; Sovetskiy voin, no 1 (1989).

42. S. T. Biryuzov, Sovetskii soldat na Balkanakh (Moscow, 1963), pp. 140–41.

43. Novyy mir, no. 1 (1965).

44. Gustaw Herling, A World Apart (London, 1951), pp. 175–76.

45. Ibid., pp. 221–24.

46. Beck and Godin, Russian Purge and the Extraction of Confession

, pp. 189–90.

47. Victor Kravchenko, I Chose Justice (London, 1951), p. 405.

48. Ibid., p. 282.

49. Joseph Berger, Shipwreck of a Generation (London, 1971), p. 204.

50. Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago (New York, 1958).

51. Pravda, 27 June 1945.

52. Komsomolskaya pravda, 15 November 1964.

53. See Khrushchev, speech of 9 December 1963.

54. Personal information; see also Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, trans. Max Hayward and Ronald Hingley (New York, 1963).

55. V. I. Lenin, The Development of Capitalism in Russia (1899).

56. Kommunist, no. 17 (November 1962).

57. V. Frolov, in Voprosy filosofii, no. 3 (1967).

58. See Souvarine, Stalin, pp. 578–79.

59. Voprosy istorii, no. 1 (1964).

60. V. V. Parin, in Literaturnaya gazeta, 24 February 1962.

61. K. N. Plotnikov, in Conference of Historians, 1962.

62. D. G. Sturua, speech to the All-Union Conference on Ideological Work, 25–28 December 1961.

63. A. Sumbat-Zade, in Conference of Historians, 1962, p. 338.

64. Oktyabr’, no. 2 (1949).

65. Pravda, 1 August 1951.

66. John Cornford: A Memoir, ed. Pat Sloan (London, 1938), p. 178.

67. “Letter of an Old Bolshevik,” in Boris I. Nicolaevsky, Power and the Soviet Elite (New York, 1965), P. 64; Walter G. Krivitsky, In Stalin’s Secret Service (London, 1939), p. 207.

68. Victor Serge, Memoirs of a Revolutionary, 1901–1941 (London, 1963), p. 318.

69. Julian Symons, The Thirties (London, 1960), p. 142.

70. New Leader, 10 October 1964.

71. Bertolt Brecht, “The Informer,” in New Writing, n.s., vol. 2 (London, 1939).

72. Bol’ shaya sovetskaya entsyklopediya, 2nd ed. (Moscow, 1954), vol. 28.

73. Komsomolskaya pravda, 2 September 1962.

74. Preuves

, March 1953.

75. Arthur Koestler, Arrow in the Blue (London, 1945), vol. 2, p. 208.

76. Symons, Thirties, p. 143.

77. Sidney Webb and Beatrice Webb, Soviet Communism: A New Civilization, 2nd ed. (London, 1937), pp. 586–88.

78. Jerzy Gliksman, Tell the West (New York, 1948).

79. Herling, World Apart, p. 11.

80. D. N. Pritt, From Right to Left (London, 1966), pp. 109–11.

81. Walter Duranty, The Kremlin and the People (London, 1942), p. 37.

82. Ibid., p. 59.

83. Owen Lattimore, in Pacific Affairs, September 1938.

84. Joseph Davies, dispatch of 7 March 1938; see also Joseph Davies, Mission to Moscow (London, 1942), vol. 1, p. 39.

85. Webb and Webb, Soviet Communism, p. 1156.

86. Ibid., p. 1145.

87. Ibid., p. 114.

88. Ibid. p. 1153.

89. Harold J. Laski, Law and Justice in Soviet Russia (London, 1935), p. 21.