The Invention of Nature

102 ‘national preserves’: Thoreau Maine Woods 1906, p.173.

103 ‘Humboldt was the great’: Marsh, ‘The Study of Nature’, Christian Examiner, 1860, Marsh 2001, p.82.

104 references to AH in Man and Nature: Marsh 1864, pp.13–14, 68, 75, 91, 128, 145, 175ff.

105 evils of deforestation: Ibid., pp.128, 131, 137, 145, 154, 171, 180, 186–8.

106 ‘thus the earth is’: Ibid., p.187.

107 ‘We are … breaking up’: Ibid., p.52; for damage like earthquake, p.226.

108 ‘Prompt measures’: Ibid., pp.201–2.

109 ‘inalienable property’: Ibid., p.203; for replanting forests, pp.259ff., 269–80, 325.

110 ‘We have now felled’: Ibid., p.280.

111 ‘Earth is fast’: Ibid., p.43.

112 ‘rudest kick’: Wallace Stegner, in ibid., p.xvi.

113 Marsh’s donation of copyright (footnote): Lowenthal 2003, p.302.

114 ‘epoch-making’: Gifford Pinchot, ibid., p.304; Gifford Pinchot to Mary Pinchot, 21 March 1886, Miller 2001, p.392; for John Muir, see Wolfe 1946, p.83.

115 1873 Timber Culture Act: Lowenthal 2003, p.xi.

116 ‘along the slope’: Hugh Cleghorn to Marsh, 6 Marsh 1868; for influence of Man and Nature worldwide, see Lowenthal 2003, pp.303–5.

117 ‘the fountainhead of’: Mumford 1931, p.78.

118 ‘The future … is more uncertain’: Marsh 1861, p.637.

Chapter 22: Art, Ecology and Nature

1

‘Two souls, alas’: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 29 May 1859, p.63; see also Haeckel to parents, 29 May 1859, Haeckel 1921b, p.66; Carl Gottlob Haeckel to Ernst Haeckel, 19 May 1859 (Akademieprojekt ‘Ernst Haeckel (1834–1918): Briefedition’: I have Thomas Bach to thank for providing me with a summary of the transcript).

2

‘beckoning temptations’: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 29 May 1859, Haeckel 1921b, p.64.

3

‘Mephistopheles’ scornful laughter’: Ibid.

4

‘understand nature’: Ibid.

5

AH, art and nature: Cosmos 1845–52, vol.2, pp.74, 85, 87; AH Kosmos 1845–50, vol.2, pp.76, 87, 90; Haeckel to parents, 6 November 1852, Haeckel 1921a, p.9.

6

Haeckel’s later reputation (footnote): Richards 2008, pp.244–76, 489–512.

7

AH in Haeckel’s youth: Haeckel to Wilhelm Bölsche, 4 August 1892, 4 November 1899, 14 May 1900, Haeckel Bölsche Letters 2002, pp.46, 110, 123–4; Haeckel 1924, p.ix; Richards 2009, p.20ff.; Di Gregorio 2004, pp.31–5; Krauße 1995, pp.352–3; Humboldt’s books are still on the bookshelves in Haeckel’s study in Ernst-Haeckel-Haus in Jena.

8

Haeckel read

Cosmos

: Haeckel to his parents, 6 November 1852, Haeckel 1921a, p.9.

9

Haeckel’s appearance: Max Fürbringer in 1866, Richards 2009, p.83; and exercising, see Haeckel to his parents, 11 June 1856, Haeckel 1921a, p.194.

10

‘I cannot tell you’: Haeckel to his parents, 27 November 1852; see also 23 May and 8 July 1853, 5 May 1855, Haeckel 1921a, pp.19, 54, 63–4, 132.

11

ivy for AH’s portrait: Haeckel to his parents, 23 May 1853, ibid., p.54.

12

‘most ardent desire’: Haeckel to his parents, 4 May 1853, ibid., p.49.

13

Haeckel and Müller: Haeckel 1924, p.xi; Richards 2009, p.39; Di Gregorio 2004, p.44.

14

Haeckel, Heligoland and medusae: Richards 2009, p.40; Haeckel 1924, p.xii.

15

‘obsessed’: Haeckel to his parents, 1 June 1853, Haeckel 1921a, p.59.

16

‘preciously sumptuous editions’: Haeckel to his parents, 17 February 1854, ibid., pp.100.

17

atlas to

Cosmos

: this was Heinrich Berghaus’s

Physikalischer Atlas;

Haeckel to his parents, 25 December 1852, ibid., p.26.

18

memorize through images: Haeckel to his parents, 25 December 1852, ibid., p.27.

19

excursion to Tegel: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 2 September 1858, Haeckel 1927, pp.62–3.

20

‘man of reason’: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 23 May 1858, ibid., p.12.

21

‘day and night’: Haeckel to his parents, 17 February 1854, Haeckel 1921a, pp.101.

22

‘Robinsonian project’: Ibid., p.102.

23

‘far, far into the’: Haeckel to his parents, 11 June 1856, ibid., p.194.

24

Haeckel’s practice in Berlin: ‘Bericht über die Feier des sechzigsten Geburtstages von Ernst Haeckel am 17. Februar 1894 in Jena’, 1894, p.15; Haeckel 1924, p.xv.

25

‘truly German forest’: Haeckel to a friend, 14 September 1858; see also Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 26 September 1858, Haeckel 1927, pp.67, 72–3 and Haeckel 1924, p.xv.

26

‘completely unspoiled and pure’: Haeckel to a friend, 14 September 1858, Haeckel 1927, p.67.

27

engagement announcement: 14 September 1858, Richards 2009, p.51.

28

‘insurmountable revulsion’: Haeckel to his parents, 1 November 1852, Haeckel 1921a, p.6.

29

Haeckel about Naples: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 9 April, 24 April, 6 June 1859, Haeckel 1921b, pp.30–31, 37ff., 67.

30

two souls in his chest: Ernst Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 29 May 1859, ibid., p.63ff.

31

Haeckel and Allmers on Ischia: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 25 June and 1 August 1859, ibid., pp.69, 79–80.

32

‘interconnected whole’: Haeckel to friends, August 1859, Uschmann 1983, p.46.

33

‘microscoping worm’: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 7 August 1859, Haeckel 1921b, p.86.

34

‘Outside! Outside!’: Haeckel to Anna Sethe, 16 August 1859, ibid., p.86.

35

‘ossified scholar’: Ibid.

36

‘half wild life’: Ibid.

37

‘delightful glory’: Ibid.

38

‘faithful paintbrush’: Ibid.

39