The Invention of Nature

‘On this sad day’: Haeckel to Frieda von Uslar-Gleichen, 14 February 1899, Richards 2009, p.107.

89

Haeckel’s travels: Di Gregorio 2004, p.438; Richards 2009, p.346.

90

‘rejuvenated’: Haeckel to Wilhelm Bölsche, 14 May 1900, Haeckel Bölsche Letters 2002, p.124.

91

‘struggle of survival’: Haeckel 1901, p.76.

92

‘friends and enemies’: Ibid., p.75.

93

Kosmos

magazine:

Kosmos. Zeitschrift für einheitliche Weltanschauung auf Grund der Entwicklungslehre, in Verbindung mit Charles Darwin / Ernst Haeckel

, Leipzig, 1877–86; Di Gregorio 2004, pp.395–8; see also Haeckel to Darwin, 30 December 1876, CUL DAR 166:69.

94

art to illustrate evolution: Breidbach 2006, pp.20ff., 51, 57, 101ff., 133; Richards 2009, p.75.

95

Haeckel inspiration for Art Nouveau: Breidbach 2006, pp.25ff., 229; Kockerbeck 1986, p.114; Richards 2009, p.406ff.; Di Gregorio 2004, p.518.

96

Haeckel followed AH’s ideas: Haeckel to Wilhelm Bölsche, 14 May 1900, Haeckel Bölsche Letters 2002, pp.123–4.

97

‘hidden treasures’: Haeckel 1899–1904, preface and Supplement Issue, p.51.

98

‘beautiful motifs’: Ibid.

99

German economy and industrialisation: Watson 2010, pp.356–81.

100 ‘factories’ murky clouds’: Haeckel’s Wanderbilder, Kockerbeck 1986, p.116; see also Haeckel 1899, p.395.

101 ‘now learned from nature’: Peter Behrens, 1901, Festschrift zur Künstlerkolonie Darmstadt, Kockerbeck 1986, p.115.

102 nature into interiors and architecture: Kockerbeck 1986, p.59ff.

103 ‘marine harvest’: Émile Gallé, Le Décor Symbolique, 17 May 1900, Mémoires de l’Académie de Stanislaus, Nancy, 1899–1900, vol.7, p.35.

104 Gaudí and marine organisms: Clifford and Turner 2000, p.224.

105 Sullivan and nature: Weingarden 2000, pp.325, 331; Bergdoll 2007, p.23.

106 Tiffany and Haeckel: Krauße 1995, p.363; Breidbach and Eibl-Eibesfeld 1998, p.15; Cooney Frelinghuysen 2000, p.410.

107 Haeckel at Paris World Fair: Richards 2009, p.407ff.

108 Porte Monumentale and Haeckel: Proctor 2006, pp.407–8.

109 ‘everything about it’: René Binet to Haeckel, 21 March 1899, Breidbach and Eibl-Eibesfeld 1988, p.15.

110 ‘turn to the great’: René Binet in Esquisses Décoratives, Bergdoll 2007, p.25.

111 fragmented world reconciled: Kockerbeck 1986, p.59.

112 monism as ersatz religion: Ibid., p.10.

113 bestselling Welträthsel: Breidbach 2006, p.246; Richards 2009, p.2.

114 ‘temple of nature’: Haeckel 1899, p.389

115 ‘womb of our Mother’: Ibid., p.463

116 art to express unity of nature: Ibid., p.392ff.

117 ‘brilliant Kosmos’: Ibid., p.396

118 ‘scientific and aesthetic contemplation’: Ibid., p.396.

Chapter 23: Preservation and Nature

1

Muir travelled lightly: Worster 2008, p.120.

2

Muir’s appearance: Merrill Moores’s ‘Recollections of John Muir as a Young Man’, ibid., pp.109–10.

3

‘How intensely I desire’: Muir to Jeanne Carr, 13 September 1865, JM online.

4

‘snow-capped Andes’: Muir to Daniel Muir, 7 January 1868, ibid.

5

‘John Muir, Earth-planet’: Muir Journal 1867–8, ibid., endpapers; for route, p.2.

6

‘I was fond of’: Muir 1913, p.3..

7

‘by heart’: Ibid., p.27.

8

explorer stories: Ibid.,p.207.

9

religious freedom: Gisel 2008, p.3; Worster 2008, p.37ff.

10

Muir’s wanderlust: Gifford 1996, p.87.

11

‘scientific curriculum’: Worster 2008, p.73.

12

Muir and Jeanne Carr: Holmes 1999, p.129ff.; Worster 2008, pp.79–80.

13

willingness to ‘murder’: Muir to Frances Pelton, 1861, Worster 2008, p.87.

14

‘University of the’: Muir 1913, p.287.

15

knack for inventions: Worster 2008, p.94ff.

16

following AH’s footsteps: Muir to Jeanne Carr, 13 September 1865, JM online.

17

nicknamed ‘Botany’: Muir 1924, vol.1, p.124.

18

‘flooded forests of’: Ibid., p.120.

19

‘simple relationship’: Muir to Emily Pelton, 1 March 1864, Gisel 2008, p.44.

20

Muir from Canada to US: Holmes 1999, p.135ff.

21

‘in the heart of’: Muir 1924, vol.1, p.153.

22

‘a botanical journey’: Muir to Merrills and Moores, 4 March 1867, JM online.

23

Muir accident: Muir 1924, vol.1, p.154ff.; Muir to Sarah and David Galloway, 12 April 1867; Muir to Jeanne Carr, 6 April 1867; Muir to Merrills and Moores, 4 March 1867, JM online.

24

‘in a glow with visions’: Muir to Merrills and Moores, 4 March 1867, JM online.

25

‘tropical vegetation’: Muir’s ‘Memoirs’, Gifford 1996, p.87.

26

Muir began walk south: Muir Journal 1867–8, JM online, p.2.

27

Muir avoided towns: Ibid., pp.22, 24.

28

mountains Tennessee: Ibid., p.17.

29

‘highways upon which’: Ibid., pp.32–3.

30

‘fragment’ in nature: Muir 1916 p.164; Muir Journal 1867–8, JM online, pp.194–5.

31

‘Why ought man to value’: Muir Journal 1867–8, JM online, p.154; see also Muir’s copy of AH Personal Narrative 1907, vol.2, pp.288, 371, MHT.

32

‘the smallest transmicroscopic’: Muir Journal 1867–8, JM online, p.154; Muir inserted the word ‘cosmos’ in his published account, Muir 1916, p.139; also highlighted in Muir’s copy of AH Personal Narrative 1907, vol.2, p.371, MHT.

33