Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

nichen — down (at what place?)

uupar — up(wards)

uuparen — up (at what place?)

miden — in the middle of

afte — after

aften — afterwards, later on

bifoo — before

bifooen — formerly

One can see that the spatial adverbs expressing movement towards a certain point end in different ways, while those expressing being in (at) a certain point end in -en (this ending is unstressed).

•   Some adverbs are composed of (abridged) words:

kadalok — everywhere

enitaim — anytime

koygrad — to some extent

•   The preposition pa (of a wide meaning) introduces an adverbial phrase:

pa fortuna — fortunately

pa aksham — in the evening

pa un-ney kansa — by first sight

shwo pa LdP — speak LdP Comparison

•   The comparative degree of adverbs and adjectives is formed with the help of the words 'pyu' more ('... kem' ... than) and 'meno' less ('... kem' ... than); the superlative degree is formed with the help of the words 'zuy' most and 'minim' least.

hao — good; well

pyu hao — better

zuy hao — the best

meno hao — less good

minim hao — least good

bade — bad

pyu bade — worse

zuy bade — the worst

meno bade— less bad

minim bade — least bad

Es zuy muhim kwesta. — It's the most important question.

Sey kamisa es pyu hao kem toy-la. — This shirt is better than that one.

Pyu hao tardem kem neva. — Better late than never.

Ela es meno atenta-ney kem lu. — She is less attentive than he.

minim long — the least long

Lu hev zuy shao mani. — He's got the least money.

Lo zuy hao es tu returni. — The best thing is to return.

•   Equality of comparison:

sam… kom — as... as:

Lu es sam riche kom ela. — He is as rich as she is.

•   Pyu, meno, zuy and minim are also adverbs meaning to a greater/lesser/the greatest/the least extent:

Me pri se pyu. — I like this more.

Me pri se meno. — I like this less.

Me pri se zuy. — I like this most.

Me pri se minim. — I like this least.

•   The adverbs ‘mucho’ many, much and ‘shao’ few, little, besides regular comparative forms (pyu mucho, meno mucho, zuy mucho, minim mucho; pyu shao, zuy shao), have also short forms pyu, meno, maiste, minim:

Lu hev pyu. — He has more

Lu hev meno. — He has less.

Lu hev minim. — He has least. (=Lu hev zuy shao.)

Lu hev maiste. — He has most. (=Lu hev zuy mucho.)

‘Maiste’ is also an adjective meaning most, greatest in number/extent:

in maiste kasu — in most cases

maiste jen — most people

maiste parta — the most part

maiste taim — most of the time, the most time

•   Expressions like “as soon as possible”, “as little as possible” are expressed by means of 'tanto... kom posible', 'zuy ... posible':

Lai tanto kway kom posible. (Lai zuy kway posible.) — Come as soon as possible.

Shumi zuy shao posible. — Make as little noise as possible.

Safara mus bi zuy lente posible. — The journey should be as slow as possible.

•   The expressions "the more…, the more", "the less..., the less" — "kem pyu... tem pyu", "kem meno... tem meno":

Kem pyu lao, tem pyu stupide. — The older, the sillier.

Kem meno mani, tem meno problema. — Less money, less problems.

The word "tem" can also be used beyond the expression "tem...kem":

tem pyu hao — so much the better

Es tem pyu surprisive ke… — It's all the more surprising that… Numerals The cardinal numbers

nol — 0

un — 1

dwa — 2

tri — 3

char — 4

pet — 5

sit — 6

sem — 7

ot — 8

nin — 9

shi — 10

(the numerals from 11 to 19 are written with a hyphen; the accent is on the second syllable)

shi-un — 11

shi-dwa — 12

shi-tri — 13

shi-char — 14

shi-pet — 15

shi-sit — 16

shi-sem — 17

shi-ot — 18

shi-nin — 19

(20, 30...90 are written together, the accent on the first syllable)

dwashi — 20

dwashi-un — 21

dwashi-dwa — 22...

trishi — 30

charshi — 40

petshi — 50

sitshi — 60

semshi — 70

otshi — 80

ninshi — 90

sto — 100

sto-un — 101

sto-dwa — 102 ...

dwasto — 200

tristo — 300

charsto — 400

petsto — 500

sitsto — 600

semsto — 700

otsto — 800

ninsto — 900

mil — 1000

milion — million

25473 — dwashi-pet mil charsto-semshi-tri (mil, milion are written separately, the others with a hyphen) The ordinal numerals

These are formed with the help of the particle “-ney”:

un-ney — first

dwa-ney — second

tri-ney — third

char-ney — forth...

shi-ney — tenth

shi-un-ney — eleventh...

sto-petshi-char-ney — one hundred fifty forth.

Replacing –ney with –nem gives adverbial forms:

un-nem — firstly; at first

dwa-nem — secondly

tri-nem — thirdly

char-nem — in the forth place...

shi-nem — in the tenth place

shi-un-nem — in the eleventh place...

sto-petshi-char-nem — in the one hundred fifty forth place. Numeral suffixes