Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

lo buhao — the bad, what is bad

lo resta-ney — the rest

lo vidi-ney — the seen, what is seen

lo vendi-ney — the sold, what is sold

lo sekwi-she — what follows

lo shwo-ney — the said

Lo tal bu mus repeti. — Such a thing must not happen again (repeat).

This particle may be dropped if there is another qualifier:

olo uuparen-shwo-ney — everything above-said

olo jamile — everything beautiful

•   If the adjective has the suffix -e, changing it to -a produces a noun with the meaning “something or somebody characterized with this quality”:

yunge — young

yunga — young man/woman (yungo young man, yungina young woman)

saje — wise

saja — sage

jamile — beautiful

jamila — beautiful woman/handsome man (jamilo handsome man, jamilina beautiful woman)

garibe — alien, extraneous

gariba — stranger

konstante — constant (adj.)

konstanta — constant (noun)

absolute — absolute (adj.)

absoluta — absolute (noun)

This transformation may not be applied to shortenings of words with -ney (see "Shortenings for words with -ney, -nem, -shem")

•   Using the pronoun wan (“an individual, one”) has a similar effect:

adulte — adult (adj.)

adulte wan — adult (noun)

Kapti-ney wan bu shwo-te nixa. — The captured (person) did not say anything.

•   Adjectives with plural endings are used in the role of nouns:

Flori ba, yunges! — Bloom, young ones!

Koys go-te a desna, otres a lefta. — Some went to the right, others to the left.

Om morta-neys gai shwo sol hao. — Speak only good of the dead.

•   The particle “la”, in plural “las” (written with a hyphen) placed after adjective or participle may be optionally used as a substantivator or a substitute word, in order to avoid repetition of the same noun:

Hir ye kelke rosa, ob yu preferi blan-las o hwan-las? — Hwan-las.

There are roses here; do you prefer the white or the yellow ones? — The yellow.

Walaa dwa kitaba. Sey-la es hao e toy-la es buhao. — Here are two books. This one is good, and that one is bad. Place in a sentence

The adjective usually precedes the noun. However, to stress it or to add a poetic connotation it may be placed after the noun: you may say "She has large blue eyes" either as

"Ela hev gran blu okos" or

"Ela hev okos gran blu" or

"Ela hev gran okos blu". Verbs from adjectives

The prefix mah- or suffix -isi mean "to make, render, transform into, bring into a condition":

garme — hot

mah-garme, garmisi — heat up

lenge — cold

mah-lenge, lengisi — cool

The prefix fa- or suffix -ifi mean "to get, to become":

garme — hot

fa-garme, garmifi — get hot, heat up

lenge — cold

fa-lenge, lengifi — get cold, cool down.

The suffix -fai makes verbs with meaning "to be such or act correspondingly":

hwan — yellow

hwanfai — appear/show yellow

podle — mean, base

podlefai — act meanly, behave like a scoundrel

dule — tender

dulefai — act in a tender way, indulge in caresses.

•   It is acceptable to derive verbs with the suffix -i from adjectives, under the following conditions:

1) the meaning of verb is clear from the context;

2) one should not derive nouns in -a from such verbs. Such verbs may be transitive as well as intransitive. Examples:

topale — lame

lu topali — he limps

topaling — limping, lameness

garme — hot

lu garmi akwa — he heats up water

akwa zai garmi — the water is heating up

garming — heating

tayar — ready

ela tayari sabahfan — she prepares breakfast

fan zai tayari — the food is preparing

tayaring — preparation.

Wherever ambiguity is possible, use -isi, -ifi or -fai. Adverbs

•   Adverbs of manner are formed from adjectives by changing -e to -em:

klare clear — klarem clearly.

If the adjective ends in a consonant, -em is added:

santush satisfied, contented — santushem contentedly.

In other cases the adverb has the same form:

hao — good; well

kway — quick; quickly

•   Adverbs may be derived from nouns and verbs with "-nem" (from -ney) or "-shem" (from -she):

amiga — friend

amiga-ney — friend's, friendly

amiga-nem — in a friendly way

rega — king/queen

rega-ney — king's/queen's, kingly/queenly, regal

rega-nem — regally

ofensi — to offend

ofensi-ney — offended, resentful

ofensi-nem — offendedly

ofensi-she — offensive

ofensi-shem — in offensive way

respekti — to respect

respekti-she — respecting

respekti-shem — in respecting way, respectfully

grumbli — to grumble

grumbli-she — grumbling

grumbli-shem — grumblingly

ahfi — to hide, conceal

ahfi-shem — stealthily.

•   Underived adverbs may end differently:

poy — then, later

wek — away

uupar — up

for — further, on, forth.

•   Here are some spatial and temporal adverbs and prepositions:

avan — forward (where to?)

avanen — ahead (of) (at what place?)

aus — out (where to?)

ausen — outside (at what place?)

bak — back(wards)

baken — behind

in — in

inu — into

inen — inside;

a flanka — sideways

flanken — on one side

a lefta — to the left

leften — at the left (of)

a desna — to the right

desnen — at the right (of)

nich — down(wards)