Пустые калории. Почему мы едим то, что не является едой, и при этом не можем остановиться

24 Swithers SE, Sample CH, Davidson TL. Adverse effects of high-intensity sweeteners on energy intake and weight control in male and obesity-prone female rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 2013; 127: 262–74.

25 Onaolapo AY, Onaolapo OJ. Food additives, food and the concept of ‘food addiction’: is stimulation of the brain reward circuit by food sufficient to trigger addiction? Pathophysiology 2018; 25: 263–76.

26 Bartolotto C. Does consuming sugar and artificial sweeteners change taste preferences? Permanente Journal 2015; 19: 81–84.

27 Rodriguez-Palacios A, Harding A, Menghini P, et al. The artificial sweetener Splenda promotes gut Proteobacteria, dysbiosis, and myeloperoxidase reactivity in Crohn’s disease-like ileitis. Inflammatory Bowel Disease 2018; 24: 1005–20.

28 de-la-Cruz M, Millán-Aldaco D, Soriano-Nava DM, et al. The artificial sweetener Splenda intake promotes changes in expression of c-Fos and NeuN in hypothalamus and hippocampus of rats. Brain Research 2018; 1700: 181–89.

29 Suez J, Korem T, Zeevi D, et al. Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature 2014; 514: 181–86.

30 HM Treasury. Soft drinks industry levy comes into effect. 2018. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/soft-drinks-industry-levycomes-into-effect.

31 Pell D, Mytton O, Penney TL, et al. Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis. British Medical Journal 2021; 372: n254.

32 First Steps Nutrition Trust, 2019.

33 First Steps Nutrition Trust, 2019.

34 Breslin, 2013.

14. Паника вокруг добавок

1 Wood Z. Pret a Manger censured over natural sandwich ingredients claim. 2018. Доступно по ссылке: http://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/apr/18/pret-a-manger-censured-over-natural-sandwich-ingredients-claim.

2 Sustain. Pret’s progress. 2018. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.sustainweb.org/news/dec18_pret_progress/.

3 Jab Holding Company. Annual report 2020. 2021. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.jabholco.com/documents/2/FY20_ JAB_Holding_Company_Sarl_Consolidated_Financial_Statements.pdf.

4 Appelbaum B. Bagels and war crimes. 2019. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/27/opinion/bagels-war-crimes-nazi-reimann.html.

5 Bennhold K. Germany’s second-richest family discovers a dark Nazi past. 2019. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/25/world/europe/nazi-laborers-jab-holding.html.

6 Kiewel M. 33 Milliarden Euro reich: die Nazi-Vergangenheit der Calgon-Familie. 2019. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.bild.de/bild-plus/politik/inland/politik-inland/33-milliarden-euro-reich-die-nazivergangenheit-der-calgon-familie-60835802,view=conversionToLogin.bild.html.

7 Rising D. Family who owns Krispy Kreme, Panera, Peet’s Coffee acknowledges Nazi past. 2019. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/national-international/family-that-owns-krispy-kremepanera-peets-coffee-acknowledges-nazi-past/159805/.

8 McCann D, Barrett A, Cooper A, et al. Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in 3-year-old and 8/9-year-old children in the community: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370: 1560–67.

9 Neltner TG, Kulkarni NR, Alger HM, et al. Navigating the US food additive regulatory program. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2011; 10: 342–68.

10 Naimi S, Viennois E, Gewirtz AT, et al. Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota. Microbiome 2021; 9: 66.

11 Richey Levine A, Picoraro JA, Dorfzaun S, et al. Emulsifiers and intestinal health: an introduction. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 2022; 74: 314–19.

12 Dupont Nutrition and Biosciences. Panodan DATEM: emulsifier for efficient processing and fat reduction. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.dupontnutritionandbiosciences.com/products/panodan.html.

13 Environmental Protection Agency. Lifetime health advisories and health effects support documents for perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate. 2016. Доступно по ссылке: https://www. regulations.gov/document/EPA-HQ-OW-2014–0138–0037.

14 Rich N. The lawyer who became DuPont’s worst nightmare. 2016. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-lawyer-who-became-duponts-worst-nightmare.html.

15 Rich, 2016.

16 Morgenson G, Mendell D. How DuPont may avoid paying to clean up a toxic «forever chemical». 2020. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/how-dupont-may-avoid-paying-clean-toxic-forever-chemical-n1138766.

17 Morgenson & Mendell, 2020.

18 Sevelsted A, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, et al. Cesarean section and chronic immune disorders. Pediatrics 2015; 135: e92–98.