Пустые калории. Почему мы едим то, что не является едой, и при этом не можем остановиться

19 Nickerson KP, Homer CR, Kessler SP, et al. The dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin promotes Salmonella survival and mucosal colonization in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9: e101789.

20 Bäckhed F, Fraser CM, Ringel Y, et al. Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. Cell Host & Microbe 2012; 12: 611–22.

21 Dinan TG, Stilling RM, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Collective unconscious: how gut microbes shape human behavior. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2015; 63: 1–9.

22 Gilbert JA, Blaser MJ, Caporaso JG, et al. Current understanding of the human microbiome. Nature Medicine 2018; 24: 392–400.

23 Holder MK, Peters NV, Whylings J, et al. Dietary emulsifiers consumption alters anxiety-like and social-related behaviors in mice in a sex-dependent manner. Scientific Reports 2019; 9: 172.

24 Chassaing B, Koren O, Goodrich JK, et al. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 2015; 519: 92–96.

25 Nickerson et al, 2014.

26 Nickerson KP, McDonald C. Crohn’s disease-associated adherentinvasive Escherichia coli adhesion is enhanced by exposure to the ubiquitous dietary polysaccharide maltodextrin. PLoS One 2012; 7: e52132.

27 Arnold AR, Chassaing B. Maltodextrin, modern stressor of the intestinal environment. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2019; 7: 475–76.

28 Hofman DL, van Buul VJ, Brouns FJPH. Nutrition, health, and regulatory aspects of digestible maltodextrins. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 2016; 56: 2091–100.

29 Ostrowski MP, La Rosa SL, Kunath BJ, et al. The food additive xanthan gum drives adaptation of the human gut microbiota. bioRxiv (preprint) 2021. DOI:10.1101/2021.06.02.446819.

30 Rodriguez-Palacios et al, 2018.

31 Naimi et al, 2021.

32 Nickerson et al, 2014.

33 Chassaing et al, 2015.

34 Nickerson & McDonald, 2012.

35 Arnold & Chassaing, 2019

36 Nair DVT, Paudel D, Prakash D, et al. Food additive guar gum aggravates colonic inflammation in experimental models of inflammatory bowel disease. Current Developments in Nutrition 2021; 5: 1142.

37 Roberts CL, Keita AV, Duncan SH, et al. Translocation of Crohn’s disease Escherichia coli across M-cells: contrasting effects of soluble plant fibres and emulsifiers. Gut 2010; 59: 1331–39.

15. Дерегулирующие органы

1 Maffini M, Neltner T. Broken GRAS: a scary maze of questions a corn oil producer couldn’t answer. 2022. Доступно по ссылке: http://blogs.edf.org/health/2022/03/25/broken-gras-a-scary-maze-of-questions-acorn-oil-producer-couldnt-answer/.

2 Goldacre B. Bad Pharma: How Medicine is Broken, And How We Can Fix It. London: HarperCollins, 2012.

3 Neltner TG, Kulkarni NR, Alger HM, Maffini MV, Bongard ED, Fortin ND and Olson ED, Navigating the U.S. Food Additive Regulatory Program. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 2011; 10: 342–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541–4337.2011.00166.x.

4 Maffini MV, Neltner TG, Vogel S. We are what we eat: regulatory gaps in the United States that put our health at risk. PLoS Biology 2017; 15: e2003578.

5 Neltner TG, Alger HM, O’Reilly JT, et al. Conflicts of interest in approvals of additives to food determined to be generally recognized as safe: out of balance. JAMA Internal Medicine 2013; 173: 2032–36.

6 Delaney JJ. Investigation of the use of chemicals in food products. 1951. Доступно по ссылке: https:// aseh.org/resources/Documents/DelaneyInvestigation..Use%20of%2 °Chemicals%20in%20Foods-1.3.51. pdf.

7 Corn Oil ONE. FDA GRAS 704 Corn Oil Zero 1st Application. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.fda. gov/media/107554/download.

8 Maffini & Neltner, 2022.

9 Okull D. Stabilized chlorine dioxide in fuel ethanol fermentation: efficacy, mechanisms and residuals. 2019. Доступно по ссылке: https://distillersgrains.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/5-Okull-StabilizedChlorine-Dioxide-Fuel-Ethanol-Fermentation.pdf.

10 Maffini & Neltner, 2022.

11 Neltner et al, 2011.

12 Maffini et al, 2017.

13 Backhaus O, Benesh M. EWG analysis: Almost all new food chemicals greenlighted by industry, not the FDA. 2022. Доступно по ссылке: https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/2022/04/ewg-analysisalmost-all-new-food-chemicals-greenlighted-industry-not-fda.

14 Neltner TG, Alger HM, Leonard JE, et al. Data gaps in toxicity testing of chemicals allowed in food in the United States. Reproductive Toxicology 2013; 42: 85–94.