Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

On the whole, one can regard this suffix as an equivalent of "kosa" (thing) or "koysa" (something). Thus the suffix -(i)ka is polysemantic, the exact meaning of a word following from the context. In order to be more precise, one can use the suffixes -er (tool, device), -tura (stresses the result, product of action), or -wat (indicates the object of action).

The suffix -tura denotes an end result/product of action:

produkti — to produce

produktura — produce, output

mixi — to mix

mixitura — mixture

solvi — to dissolve

solvitura — solution

texi — to weave

texitura — fabric, tissue

sekwi — to follow

sekwitura — consequence

derivi — to derive

derivitura — derivative

shwo — to say

shwotura — saying

Derivation: just added to a verb, however -titura=> -tura, -ditura=> -dura. NB: In some words like ‘temperatura’, ‘natura’ ‘tura’ is not a suffix.

The suffix -wat denotes object of action:

pi — to drink

piwat — beverage

chi — to eat

chiwat — food, eaten things

rosti — to roast

rostiwat — roast (meat)

sendi — to send

sendiwat — something sent

konteni — to contain

konteniwat — contents

Derivation: just added to a verb.

One can distinguish between mixiwat (something mixed, an ingredient) and mixitura (mixture, a result of mixing), solviwat (dissolved thing) and solvitura (resulting solution). The suffixes of doer and tool

The suffix -er means both doer (person) and tool/ device/appliance.

When added to a verb, the final -i of the verb is dropped (except for the monosyllabic verbs ending in -i). When added to a noun, the final -a of the noun is dropped. In other cases -er is just added:

kapti — to capture, catch

kapter — trap or trapper/catcher

lekti — to read

lekter — reader (person or device)

vendi — to sell

vender — seller

kondukti — to conduct (heat etc.)

kondukter — conductor

zwo — to do

zwoer — doer

shwo — to speak

shwoer — speaker

ofni — to open

ofner — opener

banka — bank

banker — banker

ski — to ski

skier — skier

politika — politics

politiker — politician

milka — milk

milki — to milk

milker — milker (person or device)

astronomia — astronomy

astronomier — astronomer

historia — history

historier — historian

plei — play

pleier — player (person or device)

milion — million

milioner — millionaire

yuwel — jewel

yuweler — jeweller

To specify the meaning of doer, the suffix -sha may be used which is derived from the active participle marker -she; it is used only with verbs:

milki — to milk

milki-sha — milker (person)

plei — to play

plei-sha — player (person)

lekti — to read

lekti-sha — reader (person)

kapti — to catch

kapti-sha — catcher

To specify the meaning of tool/ device/appliance, one may use the suffixes -(i)ka (see above) or compound words with tul (tool, instrument):

ofni — to open

ofnika — opener

plei — play

pleika — toy, plaything

vinti — to screw

vintitul — screwdriver

komuniki — to communicate

komunikitul — means of communication

The suffix -ista denotes a person in relation to a certain doctrine (‘ism’) or profession:

komunista — communist

metodista — methodist

dentista — dentist

artista — artist

spesialista — specialist

This suffix is basically applied to other nouns.

The words ending in -or, -ator.

LdP also imports common European words ending in -or, -ator which mean either doer or tool:

kalkulator — calculator

ventilator — ventilator

aktor — actor

direktor — director

profesor — professor

NB: Not every word meaning a tool must have a suffix. Many verbs are derived from tool-nouns: 'hamri' to hammer from 'hamra' hammer. Abstract nouns meaning quality

Abstract nouns meaning quality (as such) are formed with the suffixes -nesa and -(i)taa:

feble — weak

feblenesa — weakness

dule — tender

dulenesa — tenderness (-nesa is simply added)

diverse — diverse

diversitaa — diversity

probable — probable

probablitaa — probability

amiga — friend

amigitaa — friendship

If a word ends in the vowel e/a, it is transformed into -itaa. For adjectives like ‘gao, lao’ and those ending in a consonant the suffix has the form -taa:

shao — little (in quantity)

shaotaa — scarcity

karim — kind, good

karimtaa — kindness

donishil — generous

donishiltaa — generosity

•   The suffix -(i)taa differs in that the nouns formed with it have a broader meaning: not only that of quality but also that of a particular phenomenon connected with this quality:

reale — real

realenesa — realness

realitaa — reality (world)

gao — high

gaonesa — highness

gaotaa — height

vere — true

verenesa — trueness

veritaa — truth

•   The suffix -nesa also derives from verbs nouns with the meaning of the state which results from the action (-edness) or is otherwise connected with action:

adapti — to adapt

adaptinesa — adaptedness

koni — be acquainted with

koninesa — acquaintance

godi — be fitted/suited (for)

godinesa — suitability, fitness

•   A special case.