Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

fa-adapti-ney — that has become adapted

adaptisi-ney — that has been adapted.

The passive of state

The passive of state is formed by "bi" and "verb+ney"; it indicates a state as a result of a finished process:

Olo es yo shwo-ney, ye nixa fo shwo pyu. — Everything has already been said; there's nothing more to say.

Toy auto bin kupi-ney char yar bak. — That car was bought 4 years ago.

The passive of becoming

The passive of becoming, formed by the auxiliary verb ‘gei’ and verb, indicates an unfinished process:

Dwar gei ofni lentem. — The door is being opened slowly (=gets opened)

(compare: dwar es ofni-ney — the door is opened).

To gei zwo. — That is being done (compare: to es zwo-ney — that is done).

Autos gei kupi kada dey. — Cars are bought every day.

The past tense is formed with ‘gei-te’; the future with ‘ve gei’:

Se gei-te zwo tak e to ve gei zwo otrem. — This was (being) done so, and that will be (being) done otherwise.

Verb doubling

This expresses that an action takes some time or is repeated many times. There may also be a connotation of certain ease and lack of constraint :

Nu shwo-shwo ba idyen. — Let's talk (chat) a little.

Nau treba kan-kan atenta-nem. — Now you should look carefully (keep an eye on something).

Treba dumi-dumi idyen. — One should think a little.

Kwo yu zwo-zwo? — What are you doing now?

The verb "bi" (to be)

This is an exceptional verb. It has the main form "bi", the present tense form "es", and the past tense form "bin".

•   "Es" does not need a subject in clauses like

Es hao. — This (it) is good.

Bu es posible. — This (it) is not possible.

•   In aphoristic sayings the link-verb ‘es’ might be dropped:

Tu shwo fasile, tu zwo mushkile. — To say is easy, to do is difficult.

Char gamba hao, dwa gamba buhao. — Four legs good, two legs bad.

The infinitive and the infinitive particle "tu"

The infinitive particle tu is used when the infinitive has a meaning close to that of a noun (substantivization):

Tu shwo veritaa es hao. — To tell the truth is good.

Tu begin es lo zuy mushkile. — To begin is the most difficult thing.

Tu chi fish es hao fo sanitaa. — To eat fish is good for health.

Tu pluvi es muhim fo rekola. — Raining is important for the crop.

•   If the infinitive is placed after another verb, "tu" is not used:

Ta pri chi masu. — He likes to eat beef.

Me wud yao lagi sub surya nau. — I would like to lie under the sun now.

Me nadi vidi yu sun. — I hope to see you soon.

Oli jen mus gun. — All people must work.

Sempre gai samaji lo shefe. — One should always understand the most important thing.

Lu pregi-te pi. — He asked to drink.

Ela fogeti-te klefi dwar. — She forgot to lock the door.

Stopi shwo! — Stop talking!

•   In cases where the infinitive completes the meaning of a noun or adjective, it uses the same preposition as a noun would — though that preposition may differ from its English equivalent:

mogsa de lopi longtaim — the ability to run for a long time (=mogsa de longtaim-ney loping)

Lu es tro fatigi-ney fo go. — He is too tired to go. (=Lu es tro fatigi-ney fo going.)

Lu es fatigi-ney por go. — He is tired of walking. (=Lu es fatigi-ney por going.)

kitaba fo lekti — a book to read (=kitaba fo lekting)

Ob yu es tayar fo go? — Are you ready to go? (=Ob yu es tayar fo going?)

Es taim fo samaji to. — It is time to understand this. (=Es taim fo samaja)

Sembli ke problema fo diskusi yok. — It seems that there are no problems to discuss. (=Sembli ke problema fo diskusa yok.)

Ela go-te a basar fo kupi yabla. — She went to the market to buy apples.

Ela afsosi por kupi grin yabla. — She is sorry to have bought green apples.

Me joi al vidi yu. — I am glad to see you.

Me he lai por vidi luma in yur winda. — I came because of seeing light in your windows.

•   In subordinate clauses after the relative words "ob", "wo", "komo", etc., the infinitive is used without "tu":

Ela he findi plasa wo kupi hwan yabla. — She found a place (where) to buy yellow apples.

Me bu es serte ob go adar o bu go. — I am not sure whether to go there or not.

Lu jan komo zwo to. — He knows how to do it.

•   The particle "tu" may be used to mark the infinitive group:

Lu he wadi a me tu bringi un interes-ney jurnal. — He promised me to bring an interesting magazine.

(But: Lu he wadi bringi un interes-ney jurnal a me).

Bu es fasile, tu begin rasmi in may yash. — It is not easy to take up drawing at my age.

The verb "ye" (there is)

The verb ye means "there is":

In shamba ye mucho stula. — In the room there are many chairs.

Stula dar ye. — There are chairs there.

The negative meaning (absence of something) is expressed through "bu ye" or yok (not available). The latter is placed after the object under discussion:

Bu ye stula in shamba. — There are no chairs in the room.

Stula in shamba yok. — There are no chairs in the room.

Mani ye-bu-ye? — Is there any money (to use)?

Mani yok. — No money available.