Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

fa — conveys the meaning "to get, to become":

akwa fa-warme — the water is getting warm

fa-tume — it is getting dark

fa-gran — to get bigger, enlarge

fa-syao — to diminish, get smaller

fa-dey — it dawns

luy wangas fa-rude — his cheeks redden

Fa-garme-te. — It became hot.

Jiva fa-hao oltaim pyu. — Life is always getting better.

When used with verbs, makes them intransitive:

astoni — “to astonish”

fa-astoni — “to be (become) astonished”.

mah — causative prefix meaning "to make, render, transform into, bring into a condition" (synonymous with the suffix -isi). It is practical to use it with adjectives like ‘hao, gao’. E. g.:

treba mah-hao situasion — one should improve the situation.

This prefix also modifies verbs:

jal — to burn, be burning

mah-jal — to burn (something).

Lu zai mah-jal papir. — He is burning the papers.

•   It should be noted that there is also a link-verb ‘mah’ meaning the same as the English “make”:

mah li zwo to — make them do it

mah kaval lopi — make the horse run

se ve mah yu fogeti to — this will make you forget it

se bu ve mah yu triste — this will not make you sad

mah koywan felise — to make someone happy

mah butas repari-ney — to have the boots repaired

mah gunsa zwo-ney — to get the work done.

mis — equal to the English mis-:

misyusi — to misuse

miskalkuli — to miscalculate.

ras — separation, division, or dispersion:

muvi — to move

rasmuvi — to move apart

dai — to give

rasdai — to distribute, give out to many

sendi — to send

rassendi — to send out/round

lwo — to fall

raslwo — to fall to pieces

ri — again, anew:

riapari — to reappear

rizwo — to redo.

tra — through(out):

tralekti — to read through (from begining to end);

tranochi — to spend the night.

Verb suffixes

isi — makes transitive verbs, means "to make, render, transform into, bring into a condition" (same as mah-):

agni — fire

agnisi — fire up, burn up

detal — detail (noun)

detalisi — detail (verb)

iri — be angry

irisi — anger, enrage

aktive — active

aktivisi — activate

klare — clear

klarisi — clarify

elektre — electric

elektrisi — electrify

If added to a noun ending in -ia, "-ia" is dropped:

mifologia mythology — mifologisi mythologise.

ifi — makes intransitive verbs, means "to get, to become" (same as fa-):

agni — fire

agnifi — flame up, burst into flame

iri — be angry

irifi — get angry

aktive — active

aktivifi — become more active

klare — clear

klarifi — become clear(er)

elektre — electric

elektrifi — electrify, become electric

vati — used for deriving verbs in cases where the use of –i is undesirable:

chay — tea

chayvati koywan — to take smb to tea

dandi — dandy, fop

dandivati — behave foppishly

kao — handcuffs

kaovati — to handcuff

pao — bubble

paovati — to bubble, form bubbles

surya — sun

suryavati koysa— to sun smth Nouns Noun endings

Most nouns end in -a or consonants (but, as a rule, not 'b', 'g' or 'd'):

lingwa — language

jiva — life

kordia — heart

vagon — carriage

situasion — situation

aksham — evening

profesor — professor

dwar — door

nivel — level

mes — month

fish — fish

chokolat — chocolate

handak — ditch

taraf — side

Nouns may end also in other vowels:

kino — cinema

oko — eye

shampu — shampoo

madu — honey

kafee — cafe

shosee — highway

mani — money

gari — cart

taxi — taxi

chay — tea

skay — sky

The word "ski" ski, to ski has the same form as a noun and as a verb. The singular

The basic noun form does not convey the grammatical meaning of singularity. To specify singularity, use "un" (one) or the optional marker of the singular "ge" (piece, single item):

doga — dog/dogs

un doga, doga-ge — one dog. Plurals

The basic noun form does not convey the grammatical meaning of singularity. To specify singularity, use "un" one. In order to specify plurality, the plural form of noun may be used. Its ending is -(e)s. If a noun ends in a vowel, add -s; otherwise add -es:

lingwa — language/languages

lingwas — languages

boy — boy/boys

boys — boys

aksham — evening/evenings

akshames — evenings

•   When speaking generally about a group or class of uniform objects, plural endings are not used:

Yan chi bush. — Sheep eat bushes.

Amiga sempre helpi. — A friend always helps.

Bobra es animal. — Beavers are animals.

•   After any indication of plurality (numerals; quantifiers like ‘mucho’ many, much, ‘kelke’ several, some, ‘shao’ little, ‘ambi’ both, ‘grupa de’ a group of, ‘menga de’ a lot of, ‘para’ a pair of; plural subject, personal pronouns 'nu' we, 'li' they), as a rule, plural endings are not used:

pet jen — five people

tristo dolar — three hundred dollars

trishi kilometra — thirty kilometers

mucho yar — many years

shao jen — few people

kelke pes sukra — some pieces of sugar

oli dey — all days

oli jen — all people

Sey jenta es hao guner. — These people are good workers.

(Jenta means folk, (a particular group of) people).

Li es may amiga. — They are my friends.

Luy amigas es studenta. — His friends are students.

Toy kelke rosa es jamile. — Those roses are beautiful.