Lingwa De Planeta (Lidepla) Grammar With Examples

(lit.: Those some roses are beautiful).

A note: plural endings may be used after “mucho” and “shao” in order to specify that countable objects are implied (in cases where a noun may be countable as well as uncountable):

shao ananas — few pineapples or little of pineapple

shao ananases — few pineapples

shao de ananas — little of pineapple

mucho fish — many fishes or much fish

mucho fishes — many fishes

mucho de fish — much fish.

•   In case of pair objects the plural endings are usually used:

okos — eyes

labas — lips

handas — hands

plechas — shoulders. Sex indication

There is no grammatical gender. Animate nouns may be of both sexes:

doga — a dog (never mind whether male or female)

amiga — friend (generally)

gova — a bull or a cow (such notion is practical in plural form: govas — cows and bulls)

swina — a pig of any sex

gansa — a goose or a gander (gansas — geese).

If there is need to indicate sex, it may be done two ways.

The first, more frequent, way is the use of particles ‘man’ and ‘gin’:

man-doga — male dog

gin-doga — female dog

man-studentas — male students (‘studentas’ are students generally)

man-gova — bull

gin-gova — cow

man-swina — boar.

Another, less frequent, way is the use of suffixes -o for masculine and -ina for feminine. If a noun ends in -a, the latter is dropped, otherwise the suffix is simply added:

rega — king/queen

rego — king

regina — queen

dogo — male dog

dogina — female dog

studento — male student

studentina — female student

govo — bull

govina — cow

swino — male pig

swinina — female pig

ganso — gander

gansina — female goose.

It is obvious that it is not always needed to indicate sex, so it is correct to say:

Ela es hao leker. — She is a good doctor.

Ela es hao amiga. — She is a good friend.

Juchka es pumbe doga. — Zhuchka is a silly dog.

•   In several cases different words are used for the male and female:

mata/patra — mother/father

oma/opa — grandmother/grandfather

docha/son — daughter/son

kindocha/kinson — granddaughter/grandson

tia/onkla — aunt/uncle

sinior/madam — sir/madam. Genitive

Genitive is formed with the particle -ney (hyphenated):

sedey-ney sivilisasion — the today's civilization

mata-ney kitaba — mother's book

Alex-ney jaketa — the jacket of Alex.

Nouns meaning action

The correspondence between noun's form and its meaning is basically the following:

MeaningNouns for i-verbsNouns for other verbs   (type 1) (type 2) Act and its manifestation/instance/result/resulting state -a -sa The very action as process; repeated action;

occupation, hobby, sport -ing -ing

Examples:

adi — to add

ada — addition (both act of adding and what is added)

konvinsi — to convince

konvinsa — persuasion, conviction, convictions, beliefs

konekti — to connect

konekta — connection

judi — to judge

juda — judgement (both judging and decision)

reflekti — to reflect

reflekta — reflection (action as well as image)

inviti — to invite

invita — invitation

inuspiri — to inhale

inuspira — inhalation

lubi — to love

luba — love

darbi — to strike

darba — strike

jivi — to live

jiva — life

joi — to rejoice

joisa — joy

gun — to work

gunsa — work

jan — to know

jansa — knowledge

begin — to begin

beginsa — beginning

kan — to look

kansa — a look

flai — to fly

flaisa — flight

krai — to cry

kraisa — a cry

prei — to pray

preisa — prayer

zwo — to do

zwoing — doing

go — to go

going — going; course

swimi — to swim

swiming — swimming

fishi — to fish

fishing — fishing

ski — to ski

skiing — skiing

boxi — to box

boxing — boxing

fumi — to smoke

fuming — smoking

bru — to brew

bruing — brewing

piloti — to pilot

piloting — piloting.

A note: if verb ends in -i, that ending is replaced with -ing; in other cases -ing is added. The only exception is monosyllabic i-verbs (ski to ski, pi to drink ): in their case -ing is added (skiing, piing).

An important remark: "ng" in this suffix may be read simply as "n". The suffix is never stressed.

Further examples:

shuti — to shoot

shuta — a shot

shuting — shooting

gloti — to swallow

glota — a swallow

gloting — swallowing

kiki — to kick

kika — a kick

kiking — kicking

kliki — to click

klika — a click

kliking — clicking

salti — to jump

salta — a jump

salting — jumping

lansi — to throw

lansa — a throw

lansing — throwing. The concretizing suffixes -(i)ka, -tura, -wat

The suffix -(i)ka has the meaning "object, thing, something concrete":

mole — soft

molika — pulp

nove — new

novika — something new, novelty

metal — metal

metalka — a metal thing

brili — to shine

brilika — something shining

ofni — to open

ofnika — opener

plei — to play

pleika — toy, plaything

Derivation: in adjectives ending in -e and nouns ending in -a, this last vowel is transformed into -ika; in other cases -ka is added. With monosyllabic i-verbs, -ika is added with a hyphen:

ski — ski-ika

pi — pi-ika.

It should be reminded that the ending -ika is unstressed.